Nuclear Power Essay Example for Free

thermo thermonuclear Power EssaySince the beginning of well-bredization, man has always persuaded development with a agglomerate of vigor and determination. In his pursuit he created of the most sophisticated technologies for quenching his thirst for science and invention. Out of all the technologies that film been invented, one engine room stands apart from all, payable to its excessively diverse nature in hurt of good and disadvantages. This applied science is nuclear engineering science, which rattling few elite nations of the macrocosm has acquired and has put it to use for reflexion as healthful as destruction purposes. Being a nuclear index today is a huge responsibility for the estate and how the technology is put to use is one of the decisive concomitantors for the making and faulting of that country. The history of the nuclear technology is as fascinating as the technology itself. The journey of nuclear technology started in 1895 when Wilhelm Rontgen passed electric current though a relinquished glass tube and disc ever soyplaceed the conceit of ionizing radiation. After a year in 1896 Henri Becquerel made an amendable discovery of photographic plates darkening collect to radiation in the form of beta and alpha particles.The third form of radiation in damage of gamma rays was discovered by Villard and concluded that it wasnt similar to the x-rays. By the same year Piere curie and Marie curie gave birth to the term radioactivity and made the phenomenon to a greater extent understood than it was ever before. The major discovery however came in 1902 by Ernest Rutherford who displayed the world the spontaneous emission of particles creating a different element. This technology got a better understanding in the 1940s by Niel BohrThe fission part of the nuclear mightiness came into put through by the discoveries of Hahn and Strassman and their breakthrough made the confirmation of a huge inwardness of muscle being released on with the release of neutrons which regulartually cause fission in the nucleus of uranium and held a chain reaction which was the drive behind the abrupt release of large button. This as well as led to the research of uranium enrichment and in the of import year of 1939 professor Peirls made calculations and studies which became major research material for the making of atomic bomb.Theories also started approach path for nuclear fusion, which could be employ as capacity source for civilian needs. The Manhattan project was mainly used for making use of the technology for making a effectful destructive weapon, some part of it was also used in making technology for peaceful civilian use. After the destruction of the Japanese cities Hiroshima and Nagasaki, the States engaged in more peaceful integration of the technology in the 1960s. The following willing formulate the fact of Americas interest in civil nuclear might and the risk appraisal done later on The nuclear power industry grew rapidly in the 1960s.Utility companies byword this new form of electrical energy production as economical, environmentally clean, and safe. In the 1970s and 1980s concerns grew on reactor safety, turn back disposal, and environmental considerations (Courtesy U. S. Department of Energy, The History of Nuclear Energy. varlet 8. Retrieved on celestial latitude 8, 2008 from http//www. nuclear. gov/pdfFiles/History. pdf. ) The concept of nuclear energy or for that matter nuclear power works on the guileless conversions based from mass to energy which occurs to the break in or joining of atoms which are larger or little than iron.The holy technology is drawn into two systems of fusion and fission. The former is the procedure of the combination of two relatively fiddling atoms to make a heavy atom. The transitional reaction between them causes a dish of energy. The technology of fission is however different and is rather the exact opposite of fusion, where a large a tom is split to ready tow small atoms. The large atom normally is used is Uranium. This technology is what is used to disembowel for civilian nuclear sites especially in the generation of electricity.The importance of using the nuclear power for energy perspective came after the fashion of atomic bombs in the Second World War. The US navy firm to experiment on this technology and started using submarines which were nuclear powered to examine the centre of energy consumed over a larger period of judgment of conviction. On observation of their maiden experiment, it was seen that these high powered submarines could run well over a year without refueling to the nuclear technology. This was a pioneer in bringing the technology to use for sufficing civilian requisites.Being a nuclear power in the world has a lot of advantages firstly the usage of this technology greatly helps in the reduction of carbon emission which has been generated by power generating industries. The main reason behind is that nuclear technology is the perfect answer to the worlds paradox of depletion of dodo fuels as the rates of crude oil have been fluctuating to very high levels. one eon there will acute get aroundage of fogy fuel, there raft be a loony bin in the world which commode be well controlled by signifi potentiometert increase of nuclear reactors that would take a crap a high amount of power that could well suffice the needs of the world.At present it is estimated that there are approximately 440 nuclear reactors operating a little over 34 countries and are producing and sufficing electricity needs for sixteen percent of this world. There are some(prenominal) pros related with the nuclear power provided unfortunately there is a lot of negative sentiment that is associated with it as it s first reach or introduction to the world was with the destruction of the two Japanese cities in the second world war.The very first myth of the nuclear power is that its environme ntal unfriendly and when compared to fossil fuels wit is a great deal cleaner than doesnt destroy the atmosphere the way the burning of coal and other fossil fuels have done in the last few centuries. Developed countries like the United States of America consume dispense of energy than poorer nations and have a huge appetite for power for its citizens. To suffice this need large amount of fossil fuels are burnt which produces huge amount of greenhouse gases are send into the atmosphere which in turn are causing more and more global warming.This in turn is causing the climates to go awry and create havocs in terms of hurri spatees to tsunamis. Nuclear energy is considered harmful by skeptics but they do not realize that nuclear power if used wisely evoke generate a lot of electricity and can suffice a lot of power requirements for the population in the world without sorry the atmosphere or for that matter without engaging more of global warming. The growth of the country depends on the preservation and with the price rising repayable to oil depletion inflation tends to creep in bringing the country in big recession and other economic regressions.Nuclear power is the most perfect solution for this, as firstly the major advantage which lies with the technology when compared to technologies like wind energy or solar energy is that major research has already been done in this technology and the world is already using a lot of nuclear reactors for power consumption. The only thing that is required right now is to increase these reactors so that immediate effect can be caste on global warming.To invest now hard on other alternatives of energy would induce more global warming as by the time newer environmental caring energies are launched it might become too late for the world due to massive rushes of green houses gases which would be emitted by large scale industries. The following will shed more clear up on the point of nuclear power being a better source o f energy than fossil fuels Compared to coal and hydroelectric dams, nuclear power is the safest and cleanest way, from an environmental standpoint, to produce electricity. And uranium is more abundant than fossil fuels.France uses nuclear power to generate 77 percent of its electricity (Courtesy Donald W. Miller, jr. , MD, Advantages of Nuclear Power. April 14, 2004. Retrieved on December 8, 2008 from http//www. lewrockwell. com/miller/miller13. html) The nuclear energy is going to a major potent when source of energy to save the world from the wrath of highly populated and energy demanding nations of Indian and China. For the same reason the Indo-US nuclear co-operation deal is considered a landmark for Asia, it is going to boost Indias ever growing needs of power by nuclear reactors churning out high amount of electricity.What is important for nations who have this technology is to provoke research on them and make the best usage of the abundant uranium available in the world. outgrowth cities of Mumbai and certain cities like Beijing are high on power demands. The adverse effect can be seen when India is having load shedding as a solution to solve the shortage of electricity problems. When the country starts using more and more nuclear technology for the generation of power the need for 12 instant power cuts wont be necessary and the country can hope to develop more in a rapid pace than what is doing now.The following will give more evidence on the fact that nuclear powers are the need of the hour and they are a whopping success in countries that are extensively using it Nuclear power is environmentally attractive and has been recognized in many countries. For success standardization is essential as have been shown of France and other countries including Sweden and Japan. These countries have had success with nuclear power. (Courtesy Behram Kursunoglu, Stephan L. Mintz, Arnold Perlmutter, The Challenges to Nuclear Power in the Twenty-first Century. Pag e 17. 2000.Retrieved on December 8, 2008. Published by Springer) Nuclear energy is however bad named and rather infamous for its usage in the war and more and more nations arming up or keeping them in their arsenals for using them against each other, but the fact of the matter is if this technology is used with a lot of peace and for development, it can very well over ride the consumption of coal and become a major benefactor of producing electricity in short time. There are cons related to this form of energy however, and the biggest disadvantage of this form of energy is the basic mental capacity of man itself.As man has a huge tendency of self destruction and any technology that is given to him is first thought through a process of being used in defense reaction rather than being used in the development of man kind. Nuclear energy has been witnessed as a lethal weapon for war and this has prompted many nations to start research on the lines of first having this technology for t he usage of making more atomic bombs that can be used for destruction of enemy nations. Today nations whoa re anti U.S such as Iran are trying to get this technology not for its civil development purposes but for using it as an arsenal in their defense armory. Any such give the axe would have catastrophic set up on the world and today if this technology is misused, it would be great circle if only one third of the world could survive. Today terrorism is at rise and all developed and developing nations are facing the wrath of these terrorists. The biggest disadvantage of having a civilian nuclear reactor can come in to picture when a deadly terrorist strike is done on these sites.The following will vindicate the point of these sites becoming targets of fanatics Nuclear power plants as well as nuclear use could be preferred targets for terrorist dishonors. No atomic energy plant in the world could withstand an attack similar to 9/11 in Yew York. Such a terrorist act would have ca tastrophic effects for the whole world (Courtesy Pros and cons of nuclear power. Retrieved on December 8, 2008 from http//timeforchange. org/pros-and-cons-of-nuclear-power-and-sustainability)No amount of damage control can be done if such a situation arises, as it would be more of having a small nuclear blast in that region which would not only affect the population in terms of human, but also it would have adverse effects on animals and natural habitat and might even destroy the entire region with no chance of redemption for a very long time to come. Another disadvantage of having nuclear power is the accidents that can take place and can bring the entire environment to risk. There have been evidences documented which brought disaster and laid out the beans of having a catastrophe some(prenominal) higher in regard to it.The following will explain and back the point of nuclear sites having accidents due to human error which bring every living creature in that region to grave risks terzetto Mile Island (USA 1979) where the reactor was severely damaged but radiation was contained and Chernobyl (Ukraine 1986) where the destruction of the reactor by flare-up killed 31 people and had significant health and environmental consequences. (Courtesy World Nuclear association, Safety of nuclear power reactors. June 2008. Retrieved on December 8, 2008 from http//www. world-nuclear. org/info/inf06.html) Though this form of technology doesnt harm the world by global warming, the disposal of nuclear waste from nuclear sites is one nagging issue that has troubled the world over. Nuclear waste can also be used for the making of nuclear weapons, so countries can actually cheat the world for having nuclear power on civilian lines and might use its waste for the creation of more and more destructive nuclear weapons. If the nuclear waste is not used as weapons then the disposing part becomes a problem as this waste is radioactive and has to be carefully executed.If fall on wrong hand again it might bring a problem with security and if left at sites near civilian habitation, then there is a huge chance of health hazards due to immense radiation which might even cause cancer and other diseases. One major drawback of nuclear power is that till today there is no proper knowledge of abundance of uranium and the amount of time and money can go waste if the uranium gets depleted in the world. Nuclear power is a boon and curse to a nation depending upon the choice of usage the country decides to put itself into.The technology or the power on its is neutral and is extreme to a large extent as when used for destruction it would cause havoc, and when used for construction purposes it would produce more environmental free power than it was ever before. The sun which is major responsibly for providing energy to our planet also runs on the same technology and is liable for having life on this planet. Nuclear power too on the same lines if used wisely can create and su pport life but if used negatively than there might be no life for the sun to ever sustain. Reference 1) U. S. Department of Energy, The History of Nuclear Energy.Page 8. http//www. nuclear. gov/pdfFiles/History. pdf 2) Donald W. Miller, Jr. , MD, Advantages of Nuclear Power. April 14, 2004. http//www. lewrockwell. com/miller/miller13. html 3) Behram Kursunoglu, Stephan L. Mintz, Arnold Perlmutter, The Challenges to Nuclear Power in the Twenty-first Century. Page 17. 2000. Published by Springer 4) Pros and cons of nuclear power. http//timeforchange. org/pros-and-cons-of-nuclear-power-and-sustainability 5) World Nuclear association, Safety of nuclear power reactors. June 2008. on http//www. world-nuclear. org/info/inf06. html 6) http//www. msnbc. msn. com/id/3072031/

Show how Shakespeare employs tensions Essay Example for Free

Show how Shakespeargon employs tensions EssayThe Merchant of Ve thin can be seen as a series of tense oppositions. Shakespe are writes about m whatsoever conflicting issues that were controversial at the time, but does not enforce any opinion on the interview, inviting them to form their own conclusions. The seams in The Merchant of Venice are important because they incite the sense of hearing to consider moral issues such as prejudice, discrimination and bigotry. Shakespeare creates the characters with the intention of relating them to the common person the sins and discrepancies in their lives are typical of the everyday goings on in Venice at the time. I will consider cacoethes and hate, comedy and tragedy, justness and mercy, expectations versus truthfulness and finally men against women. All of the oppositions are linked to the fears of Shakespeares audience. This means that Judaism, for example, was a concern and also hatred to Shakespeares audience. The lend was c onsequently very eye-catching and appealing to the people of Shakespeares time. The Merchant of Venice is a story of love and hate, and both emotions are expressed powerfully in the play. On the one distribute the play emerges to be full of love and friendship Portia and Bassanio Jessica and Lorenzo Gratiano and Nerissa.However, bitterness and hatred are evident Gratianos reviling of billslender Shylocks coldness towards his daughter and hatred of Antonio. Shylock sees himself as a victim of prejudice and maintains himself with his own aggression. The play is renowned for the bitter conflict between Jews and Christians. It appears that the main difference between the Christian characters and Shylock is that the Christian characters value hu homophile relationships over business ones, whereas Shylock is solely interested in money (.Merchants alike Antonio lend money free of interest, and put themselves at risk for those they love, whereas Shylock agonizes over the loss of his mon ey and once ran through the streets crying, O, my ducats O, my daughter (II. viii. 15). These quarrel suggest that his greed outweighs his love. However, his insistence that he have a pound of flesh rather than any amount of money also shows that his resentment is much stronger than his greed. Portia and Bassanio appear to love one another, however, Bassanio seeks her hand in the first place because he is greatly in debt and necessitate her money.The love between these devil characters is hence questionable and emphasises the love and hate oppositions. The themes are also underscore in the settings of the play, Belmont symbolising love and Venice symbolising hate. The Merchant of Venice is set in Italy in Venice and Belmont, representing the two worlds of the play. Shakespeare uses these two settings to emphasise the themes of love and hate. Love is centred in Belmont, a peaceful paradise to which lovers can escape, and hate virtually Venice, a hectic place that exploits and corrupts. This can clearly be seen when various events relating to love and hate in the play take place.All prejudicial activity takes place in Venice, including the trial (IV. i. 15). This is also the only place where Jews are found (Jessica becomes a Christian when she moves to Belmont). The Christian couples live in Belmont, and there is exactly any talk of racial prejudice there. Belmont is where the Christians retreat to, after their triumph over Shylock in Venice. The surroundings match the events that are taking place in both Venice and Belmont. Shakespeare often included the themes of love and hate in his plays, either as the main darn, or as a sub plot of ground as such in The Merchant of Venice.Love and hate are the central themes of the main plot they hold the story together. Many of Shakespeares plays are also centred on the themes of comedy and tragedy. The Merchant of Venice is a hot flash example. Shakespeare uses cross-dressing as a device to lay emphasis on the theme of comedy. The characters conceal themselves behind masks and costumes, which link with the topic of appearance versus reality. Twice in the play, brave escapes are carried out with the help of cross-dressing. Jessica escaped the blaze of Shylocks house by dressing as a page, while Portia and Nerissa rescued Antonio by posing as lawyers of the court.This device was essential to the women characters since it was forbidden for them to act on stage in the Renaissance period. Their parts had to be consequently acted by young boys. This was common in Shakespeares time. Another debatable comedy spot is when Lancelot greets his blind, tenacious lost father and gives him confusing directions and tells him that his beloved son Lancelot is dead. Lancelot says aside I will try confusions with him (II. ii. 25) the moment they meet. Since Lancelot is portrayed as a comical, clownish figure that is especially skilled at making jokes, this scene transmits a humorous tone.But deep down t his moment could be considered harsh and unjust. It should be considered a joke but at someone elses expense. The play seems to end on a happy note, with the outcome of the test of the rings and the celebration of marriage. But homophiley tragedies also occur in the play, some of which contrast greatly to the happiness. For example the joyful wedding of Portia and Bassanio in act 3 scene 2 is absolutely followed by a change of mood as Bassanio reads Antonios bad news. The atmosphere of joy and triumph gives expressive style to one of tension and concern.Bassanio turns pale as he says, Here are a few of the unpleasantst words that ever blotted paper (III. ii. 250). Another darker aspect of the play occurs when Shylock is baited at the trial. Gratiano viciously abuses Shylock, saying O, be thou damnd, inexecrable dog (IV. i. 127). Another central theme of the play is that of justice the right, proper and fair intervention of individuals according to what they deserve. The idea of mercy is important in The Merchant of Venice because it provides a focus for the contrast between Venetian Christian society and the alien invader, represented by Shylock.When Shylock asks Portia what could possibly force him to be merciful, Portias long reply, beginning with the words, The quality of mercy is not strained, (IV. i. 179) clarifies what the Christians believe. The Christian characters in the scene believe that justice and mercy are not separate but moldiness be linked. Shylock receives judgement at the trial however he does not receive justice. This is due to the extreme prejudice of Jews at Shakespeares time. Shakespeare therefore employs this opposition to highlight the conflicting principals and prejudices of the time. The Merchant of Venice shows the danger of judging by appearances.This is not only a theme but also a moral of the story. Lancelot is a Christian and should hate Jews, but rather he is a trustworthy friend to Jessica, a Jewish girl. This is because he sees her as a nice and gentle young woman and comments, most beautiful pagan, most sweet Jew (II. iii. 10). Jessica trusts Lancelot since she gives him a private garner to take to Lorenzo. This friendship must have been conflicting to the prejudices of the time and is therefore a key component of the theme. All that glitters is not gold (II. vii. 65). This is a famous quote from The Merchant of Venice and symbolises the theme of duplicity.This theme of deception is used throughout the play to mislead and confuse so things may not always be what they seem. Shakespeare also uses this to enhance the unfolding drama of the play and to make it more exciting. Dramatic irony is created when the audience know more than the characters themselves. For example the trial scene (Act IV) and the ring quarrel (Act V) are filled with idiotic dramatic irony. The cross-dressing, as mentioned earlier, is also linked with appearances versus reality since it happens at times when disguise is impo rtant. The three effeminate characters disguise themselves as males in the play.Portia and Nerissa conceal themselves as lawyers clerks in the trial scene whereas Jessica disguises herself as a page in order to flee from her master. Cross-dressing is important in the play because women roles are insignificant to those of men. For women, cross-dressing is a means of gaining respect and authority. The main events in the play unfold when women are in control. This is conflicting to the principals of the time. Venice and Belmont are both ruled by patriarchy. This means that men have complete control whereas women have no role at all in trade, politics, or law.It is also evident that they cannot even own berth because Portia says, One half of me is yours, the other half yours, mine own, I would say but if mine, then yours, and so all yours (III. ii. 16). Portia has an interest in the law, but has to resort to dressing up as a man before she can exercise her ability. Portias speech dram atically changes to suit her role as a man in the trial scene. However she continues with this attitude even after the trial is over and says, You were to blame, I must be plain with you, (V. i. 166). This emphasises the predominant influence of men over women.Throughout The Merchant of Venice there are many strong feelings displayed through the oppositions and conflicts. These contrasts are relevant because they portray the individual characteristics of each person. Most of the issues elevated in the play are directed towards the prejudice of both women and Jews. The topics of love and hate, comedy and tragedy, justice and mercy, expectations versus reality and finally men against women were all important matters to Shakespeares audience. I have discussed each subject individually and reason to state that they are all important and relevant to the characters of the play.

Community Development Essay Example for Free

Community Develop manpowert EssayAchieving sexual urge equality and empowering women are obligatory to achieve social, economic and political instruction. Today, girls and women continue to benefit from health and education go with women surpassing men in enrolment and academic achievements in many situations. Women in Malaysia are also more actively involved today in politics and numerous other matter initiatives. Malaysias commitment and commitment to the get along withment of women is evident in many of its programs and policies in the last two decades.In 1985, the G overnment of Malaysia hypothesise the National Policy on Women as a guide for womens troth in the schooling process. The Policy helps enhance womens quality of life by overcoming challenges through poverty eradication and education. The superlative of women became a primary objective of the 6th Malaysia Plan (1991 1995), where a special fund for the development of women became a significant and integra l step towards empowering women in Malaysia. Subsequent Malaysia Plans continue to focus on the needs of women with recommendations to advance their position in society.By agreeing to the commitments stage stage portion forth in the Beijing Platform for Action at the UN Fourth World Conference on Women (1995), the Government promised to 1) enhance the national machinery for womens advancement 2) increase womens participation in decision-making 3) safeguard womens rights to health, education and social hygienic being and 4) remove legal obstacles and gender judicial practices. In 1995, the Government also ratified the UN Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women(CEDAW). In 2001, the Government created the Ministry of Women and Family Development with a mandate to address issues on women and uplift the stature of women in the country.Malaysias Constitution was amended in August 2001 to prohibit discrimination in any law on the basis of gender. The Government continues to play a crucial and supportive role in achieving greater gender equality in the country, by providing a healthy environment for the advancement of women at both national and international arenas. The Ministry of Women, Family and Community Development which is responsible for addressing womens issues in Malaysia has had its budget increase from RM 1.8 million (US$ 0.5 million) in 2001 to RM 30.5 million (US$ 8.6 million) in 2005, demonstrating the countrys serious commitment to the cause.Future challenges to be considered include addressing the go on poverty among female-headed households combating violence against women raising the effectiveness of gender mainstreaming strategies reducing womens risk of contracting human immunodeficiency virus removing attitudinal challenges that impact capacity-building and raising the level of womens participation in the labour force, in business and in politics and government.KPWKM is headed by a Minister, currently he ld by Datuk Seri Shahrizat Abdul Jalil (UMNO). She is assisted by a Deputy Minister, currently held by Senator Heng Seai Kie (MCA). The following departments and agencies are under the purview of the KPWKM* discussion section for Womens DevelopmentIn 1975, the Government set up the National Advisory Council on the Integration of Women in Development (NACIWID) as the machinery to ensure the participation of women in development. In 1983, the Secretariat for Womens Affairs (HAWA) in the Prime Ministers incision was established to take over the tasks of the NACIWID Secretariat. From 1997, HAWA functioned as a department under the former Ministry of National Unity and Social Development. In 2001, the Department was placed under the then newly established KPWKM and restructured as the Department for Womens Development (DWD). By 2002, the DWD had set up branch offices in every state in Malaysia.7* Social Welfare Department ab initio set up in 1946 as the Community Welfare Department of Malaya, the Social Welfare Department (SWD) has evolved in fulfilling its role in national development. From initially being involved in mitigating the social problems brought well-nigh by the immediate post-war period, the role and functions of this department have expanded to cover prevention and rehabilitation services in social issues as well as community development.8* National Population and Family Development circuit cardThe National Population and Family Development Board (NPFDB) was established in 1966 to improve the reproductive health military position of women and men and encourage family planning. It has since evolved to include policy and advisory roles by assisting planners and programme managers to integrate state and family development into sectoral development programme planning as well as facilitate policy makers to consider population and family development factors in the formulation of national development policies and strategies.9* Social Institute of Malay siaThe Social Institute of Malaysia was set up to promote professional and semi-professional training in the field of training and research as well as social education to all social workers from various levels and groups from within and outside the country including non-governmental organizations. It currently operates from a 50-acre (200,000 m2) campus in Sungai Besi that was completed in 2001.

Personal Finance Concepts Investing Essay Example for Free

Personal Finance Concepts Investing undertakeAccording to the finance researchers a portfolio refers to an appropriate collection of enthronizations for an institution or a single individual. An investment portfolio is constructed by financial advisors or a retainer their main task affects investment analysis that ar useful during purchasing of stocks and bonds, and other business assets. . Cliff uses his present finances to determine his future memory and finance position. Cliff financial statement seems to spread in many fields, he invests in resolved assets and even before he could fully exploit his new investment strategy he is already investing in shares and bonds. Basically this is diversification and investing assets such(prenominal) as bonds and shares in such a scenario is exposing a high percentage of ones investment at happen (Grant 2005).Cliff is a risk taker therefore he is more likely to invest in income securities and unwarranted investment such as the equ ities. indeed Cliff will tend to have very low cash holding and shares, in accompaniment he is not expected to hold high levels of securities as savings since his age is allows him to have a long time to invest in most cases age is a great determinate in an individuals saving amount and investment, though Cliff will tend to save for his future plans such as his wedding plans, his marginal propensity to save will still be quite low.Since Cliff is earning an penny-pinching of $340000 he I expected to distri bute his earning to his present and future expenses, A great source of lessenings finances is in terms of bonds and shares which are a trusty way to invest but the shortcoming with Cliffs investment is the fact that he did not take a good research before imposing a big sum of his money into the investment, the investment in bonds and shares involve a high percentage of risk and for that reason if they are not carefully researched on they need high degrees of losses or very li ttle profits.In that light they are not include in the construction of a portfolio, instead the items that can be included in the construction of a portfolio are savings, cash at hand and revenue that is already attained or the degree of risk is not too high. Using Cliffs example he can spread his earning such 30% of his total earnings is equities, 40% income securities, 20% sundry expenses and 10 % as savings. The assumption is that pearl is a young risk taker hence his securities will tend to be and also his savings and cash. on a lower floor is an example of Cliffs portfolioReferencesFrasca , R, (2006) Personal Finances An Integrated Planning Approach, 7th Ed Pearson Prentiss abidanceGrant, R (2005) Contemporary Strategy Analysis Blackwell printKarnani, A (1981) Business Portfolio an analytical Approach Harvard Publishing.

Solar Energy Essay Example for Free

Solar Energy EssaySolar Energy is one of the many renewable sources that is produced by the sun in the form of light and heat. It is one of the most important non-conventional sources of aught due to the circumstance that its free and we have plenty of it. Humans have been using it since ancient times. Solar energy nooky be use two ways, we bum convert it into heat energy or it can converted into electricity. It has had a rapid growth in recent eld, accounting for less than one percent of electricity used in the coupled States today. The market exceeds sales of 29 billion dollars and 1. billion of that money goes to the United States alone with California leading the way. Solar panels give off no pollution, the only pollution produced as a head is the goods and devices needed to make the panels. Some renewable fuels can be noisy akin wind turbines, solar energy makes electricity quietly. Inst every last(predicate)ing solar panels in remote locations is usu whollyy more(p renominal) cost effective than laying high voltage wires. It can be really efficient in large areas, and with technologies improving everyday, it allows for more efficient energy production on overcast and dull days.another(prenominal) great example is that panels can be installed on top of rooftops which allows for more space. The use of solar energy to make electricity allows the user to become less dependent on the worlds fossil fuel supplies. This is very good for the environment. Just like everything good, solar energy has its cons. The cost it takes to make the cells for the solar panels can be very expensive and some houses may need more than one. Another example is that some panels require the sun all day, so that means that in the nighttime, the panels are not producing energy. Also weather can affect the efficiency of solar cells.Even with all the cons, the pros still outweigh the cons when it comes to solar energy. Take chinaware for example, it has become the top coun try in green energy especially in solar power. It accounted for half(prenominal) the worlds production last year and the top three companies in China all said that the numbers are rising. Since they have become successful, more countries are looking towards solar energy. example has predicted that by 2040 more than 50 percent of the worlds energy will come from renewable sources. In the end, the future of solar energy promises to play a larger role thanks to the developments that could result in lower cost.As a matter of fact, the solar PV industry plans to provide half of all the United States electricity generation by the year 2025. That means that in the next few years it is expected that millions of households in the world will be using solar energy. More and more large number especially architects are becoming aware and are recognizing the value of solar panels and learning how to incorporated into the expression designs. This will be better for the environment and overall for the people. Who wouldnt want lower electricity bills and greener world.

Race and Crime Essay Example for Free

Race and Crime EssayAre minorities continually beingness unfairly arrested, tried and punished as a result of racial disagreement or do minorities just blame more(prenominal) crimes? In order to de conditionine if dissimilitude or distinction is the effort of current over representation of minorities in the criminal justness system we have to study quicken, ethnicity and historical discriminatory judicial practices. Are the historical discriminatory practices and past laws the cause of the systematic imbalance of federal agency in relation to race, class and discrimination within our fiat that leads to more crime among minorities today? on that point are umteen theories on why, how and even if race discrimination plays a significant role in explaining the current arrest and incarceration range of minorities in the United States. Social figure theory, because it also involves the nigh restriction to important friendly aspects of society is the one I most agree wi th. In my eff restricted access to social and cultural capital is the cause for higher than expected crime rates among our citizens who lack these two important aspects of crime control.The inability to chance on victory establish on societies comment causes stain and alternative meanss of thinking to achieve that level of success, which is sometimes outside the confines of the law. The term race has traditionally referred to the biological differences of mankind. The differences that distinguish us by the color of our skin, hair texture and genuine physical features determine what race we are. Some experts contend that race is just a social lay down and people are classified and labeled by the culturally dominant group in that society.This part of classification system tends to imply that one race is inferior to another (Walker et al pg 6). The term minority is used for any race that is less(prenominal) in numbers than the race in power. Currently in the United States the majority is considered to be Caucasian and the minorities are African Americans, Hispanics, Arab Americans, etc. There have been many historical examples of minorities being unfairly treated within the confines of our judicial system. Race discrimination and social and economical inequality have a direct impact on crime and criminal justice (Walker et al, pg 78).In the southern states during the 1800s barriers were created in the laws to separate nonwhite persons from the majority, white persons called the Black Codes. These codes created a levelheaded roue of separation stating where blacks could and could not go in public, what land they could own and how they could earn a livelihood. The term, Color contention encompassed everything involving what water fountains and bathrooms coloreds could use and where they could stand or sit in public spaces.The Jim Crow laws of the 1900 were also antiblack laws and actions that deprived African Americans civil rights, claiming blacks w ere inferior to the whites and were lower class people. The colored sign was the most seeable mark of inferiority imposed upon African Americans by the Jim Crow laws (Davis PhD). The punishment for breaking these laws and codes were mob lynching, portion prison time on chain gangs and debilitating debt imposed by sharecropping attempts to make a living (Davis PhD). Previous laws and codes set the stage for economic inequality of minorities in the United States.Income, wealth, unemployment are the standard pass judgment of economic inequality. All of these measures indicate deep and persistent inequality in society generally and with notice to race and ethnicity (Walker et al pg, 79). In order to determine if race discrimination has the major contributor to minority over representation in the criminal justice system we must rule out the thought process of discrimination being the cause of overrepresentation. The concept of disparity in the criminal justice system refers to diff erences in say incarceration rates of a certain race but not because of systematic race discrimination.Disparity is a way to explain the high numbers of minorities as criminal perpetrators with legitimate factors. These factors could include, minorities commit more crimes, not because police officers, judges and juries are racists. Crime arrest and convictions could be solely based on levelheaded factors. These intelligent factors include the seriousness of offense, mitigating circumstances and previous criminal records. These factors opposed to nonlegal factors that include race, class, gender and briostyle (Walker et al, pg 18).If arrest and conviction rates were based solely on legal factors with no weight given to extralegal factors, a high minority count would be considered disparity not systematic discrimination on part of the criminal justice system. To determine if only legal factors and not extralegal factors are the cause of an overrepresentation of minorities in the cr iminal justice system much more research needs to be conducted. If the cause of high incarceration rates is because of disparity instead of discrimination there is one theory I feel explains why there is disparity.The Social Strain scheme explains the causes of disparity among minorities that leads to higher rates of arrests and incarceration rates. Robert Mertons social stain theory holds that each society has a dominant set of values and goals along with acceptable means of achieving them (Walker et al, pg 92). If success in life is measured by your social status, involving what you own, where you live and who you know then that is your personal goals for success. The ways to achieve this success are seen as hard work, education, self-control and as idiosyncratic achievements (Walker et al, pg 92).If the American dream is not cognise by a group of people because of societies inability to provide equal levels of educational and work opportunities to achieve success it results in what Mertons calls social strain. Mertons theory of social strain addresses the gap in the midst of what society views as success and a persons circumstances are for trying to achieve that success. (Walker et al, pg 92). Social strain helps to explain high rates of criminal activity among minorities because minorities are more likely to be denied legal opportunities to obtain the American dream by legal means.The high levels of economic inequality experienced by minorities, together with continuing discrimination based on race and ethnicity, mean that minorities are far less likely to be able to achieve approved social goals through conventional means (Walker et al, pg 93). In conclusion I believe minorities do commit more crimes today, but that is because of a history of discrimination and blocked opportunities to achieve social and cultural capital. The ruling class, the majority, because of past-institutionalized and systematic discrimination has created what we have today, a d isparity among minorities involved in our criminal justice system.Therefore even though we have curbed contextual and individual acts of discrimination we have yet to address past discrimination in a meaningful way while still upholding the law. Bibliography Davis, Ronald L. F. Ph. D. California State University, Northridge. Creating Jim Crow. History of Jim Crow retrieved on June 2, 2011 from http//jimcrowhistory. org/history/creating. htm Lafree, G. Russell, K. K. (1993). The argument for examine race and crime. Journal of Criminal Justice Education. 4, 273-289. Walker, S, Spohn, C, DeLone, M. (2007). The Color of Justice Race, Ethnicity, and Crime in America. Wadsworth Publishing Co.

Travel, Tourism, Lodging, Food & Beverage, Content and Application Essay Example for Free

Travel, touristry, Lodging, Food Beverage, Content and Application Essay liftIn this precise competitive world of headache desire in hotel and restaurant, it is non solo some customer utility is thus fartful simply to a greater extent signifi slewtly it is about guard and radiation diagram of the hotel is very important. Rehabilitation that non only tolerates security for its thickening and even reclamation of guestrooms would give added enticement for guest to come to the hotel. This is similarly the main aim of this story, which is to provide the different factors that should be d atomic upshot 53 in ball club to achieve effective reformation and maintenance in the hotel. Introduction In this continuous effect if globalization, umteen an(prenominal) jobes ar not only continuous to rely heavily on research on how they stand perform quality service and alike on how they tin effectively manage human resources in the organization. But, for hotel and r estaurant business, it is to a greater extent than nevertheless winner quality service or congenial its manpower that inevitably to the main priorities. Since hotels and restaurants be there to entice guest, about(prenominal) especially foreign guests, their sentry go and comfort is other(a) position of the business that wadnot be compromised. precaution, not only with regards to terrorist attack but safety with regards to maintenance and rehabilitation of the expression itself is the one that take to be done. For superior comfort and satisfaction among its guest, propose is other aspect that guest would forever and a day feel to come back to the hotel and restaurant that has created more than notwithstanding satisfaction for them, but it is more of total relaxation and heartsease whenever they visit and these ar the main focus of this paper. This paper in addition provides some relevant info that would really cooperate hotels or restaurant to achieve these ver y important aspects of this type of business. Main ThesisRehabilitation is truly one of the most important aspects of ensuring guest that safety is too a priority in every hotel business in tack together to achieve superior quality service. This has as easily as become a common practice and a shared responsibility of the ho recitationkeeping, maintenance, and technology department of all hotels. Housekeeping because with excellent housekeeping, it can help guest to be organized since the hotel is also organized, effective advice on where and when to use facilities and other hotel service go out be observed. Maintenance is also another(prenominal) aspect for this paper because it also a vital department for assuring quality in the hotel, this department does all the fixing that need to be perform in the hotel before it becomes worst if not accompanied properly. mavin excellent example for maintenance is electrical maintenance within the hotel, possible leak problems also. The se are just some of the problems that may arise if maintenance department entrusting not be pro-actively anticipating these problems. Lastly, physique department within the hotel is also another team that will be vital for the success of rehabilitation engineering team will be used to formulate a more of long-term be after for the hotel in order to achieve longer and stable security and assurance for safety within the hotel. One good example here is when they implement control system for disaster and safety devices that will be used for emergency situations.III. Related TopicsIn the actual rehabilitation of the facilities in the hotel, there are umpteen roles that need to be involved. Not only roles or duties are involved but also supernumerary cost is also involved.Facility SystemsFacility systems are one of the study aspects of rehabilitation that is eternally a concern within the hotel. It involves the following facilities (1) safety and security, (2) water and wastewa ter, electrical, (3) heating, ventilating and air conditioning, (4) rubor, (5) laundry, (6) feed service equipment, lastly, (7) construct structure, finishes and aim system. These are the different facility system that has to be the main focus for rehabilitation and maintenance. Starting from safety and security, alarm signals are just one of the most common facilities involved in security. This some times creates peace of mind for most of the guest since it makes them feel that the hotel can always be ready for any disaster.This also directs guests to directions and paths for safety in case disaster happens, an example guide here is the chivvy exit and fire extinguishers, and these are just two common examples. For water and wastewater systems, it involves how waster is properly managed within the hotel. This is one of the most important facility systems within the hotel that can create big dissatisfaction among its guests, because waster can usurp soundness and it can caus e other problems like environment as well. Waster control like proper garbage collection and disposal are just some of the common priorities in this area. But, more importantly is water water system should also be maintained at all times since it is the source for cleanliness within the hotel. Maintaining it like always checking the water holes and reserves, most especially for disaster situation is importantly be monitored and checked round the clock. The third is electrical system, this is no question that has to be maintained as well since most buildings like hotels, electrical related disasters are always the issue for fire in the buildings.Some of the common priorities in order to minimize if not totally turn down this problem is that it needs to check the smoke and fire detectors, also includes here is the safety guidelines for safe electrical tips within the hotel. lymph node should always be well educated for every situation that would occur that relates to electrical issu es within the hotel, because this not only would create problem for the guests but also for the owners most especially. The fourth facility that needs to be well maintained and rehabilitated is lighting, lighting creates better ambiance for the hotel which creates a relaxing mood for the guests. lighten focuses more on the contrive of the hotel rather than for security and safety of the guests. For the fifth and sixth facility systems, laundry and viands service equipment, starting with the laundry, these are very important for long stay guests, laundry go and facilities are essential most especially in terms of drying services for laundries.There are laundry services that have no driers available and this can create dissatisfaction for the guests. The sixth facility services of food equipments, many facilities that falls in this category are common facilities within the hotel, food equipments are sometimes in common areas where these equipments must also be checked if it is enou gh for its guests, like for example doe small wave ovens are enough for the guests.Or will there be any facility that would give guest the chance to cook in their own room in case they want it. Lastly, is building structure, does the building is well maintained yearly, does the structure is string enough to curb the number of floors with the total number of guest and what if the number exceeds this numbers.Or what if there will be disaster like earthquake, will the building can sustain that unexpected disaster, does the building has been checked regularly on how its structure can sustain disaster. This is very important because it does not only create a worry-free for customers or guests but also a concern for business if in case the owners would really focus on not just satisfying their customers with their design but most of all safety of everyone.Facility DesignThe design for hotels establishments is also another priority for maintenance and rehabilitation. Design is always a r ecipe for competition among hotels, it also one major aspect on how it can entice more guests depending on how relaxing and how inviting the design of interiors it maybe. One of the major designs driven part of the hotel is the lobby or the guest rooms. This is where quest considered as king and queen of the hotel. This can create an environment of high respect for its guests. Maintaining this part of the hotel is considered a mandatory action that needs to be done all the time. From the superior design of lightings, interiors, furniture and even up to the uniform that is worn by hotel personnel are all part of the design that would attract more and more guests to visit the hotel.In the design priority within the hotel, there are three most common design factors that always need to prioritize in the hotel lodging planning and design, food service planning and design, and lastly, other service design. Lodging planning design is again part of this is the guest room, reception or lobby design area, where this section should always be well attractive to the guests. Again, most of the time it is not only the design itself that is being focus here but part of it are also the people who are workings within this special section of the hotel. Usually, only the most charming, intelligent and articulate persons of the hotel works in this section, which not only to educate guests about the security, safety as well as how they can enjoy other facilities are explained. Lodging planning design also involves the way the rooms are designed which to begin with focus on how they can effectively welcome guests with the design and well presented gifts and service that guests can always feel respected. For food planning design, this is more of how personalized service is given for guests, like the usual eat in bed or if the guests are in the buffet area, a design for presentation of food where the guests will be able to be given freedom of choosing what ever food he or she wants . A design that would not always make the guest feel bored, even a make a face from the waitress and a warm offering of surplus coffee or with additional towel even before the end of meal are an important gestures that need to be carries out and will always be part of the design of the food planning of the hotel.For other renovation design, there are also other parts of the hotel that are usually in need of design improvements or maintenance. This includes facade of the hotel or even the design of facilities of the hotels like swimming pools and saunas. This could also add value to the service that the hotel provide from its guest, most especially if the hotel always tried its best to be more personalized as possible, that would give additional appreciation from the guests. (Stipanuk, D, 2006, pp. 89-201).Involvement in Safety Organization through Training and SeminarsIt is also important for hotels to be able to really mea real the success and achievement they have when it comes to safety or design is to be involved in shaftn and respected organizations. Like in the case of safety OSHA Us department of dig out (Occupational Safety and Health Administration), this organization is one of the well respected institution when it comes to safety and wellness administration in all types of organization. For hotels, it is important that they are well monitored and followed the best guidelines of this organization in order not only use the company investment effectively but also would give its owners most especially their customers the assurance that they are compliance to real safety and health procedures that are presented by much(prenominal) well respected institution like OSHA.As lone good example in this paper is where there was a recent partnership or alliance between the workers of the US Virgin Islands Hotel and touristry Association and the US labor Departments OSHA. This alliance will promote safety and health trainings for hotels and hospitality work ers of the Island. This alliance will focus on three aspects fire protection, hazard communication and the use of personal protective equipment. This training not only gives the worker more confidence as to how they would defend and act on certain situation pro-actively, most especially in situations that are unexpected.The training will also give the workers enough information on hoe they will identify the hazardous information that they might encounter on the job and how they can respond and act on it. OSAH will also provide best practices and processes on the safety and health administration that can be applied in the hotel which is mandatory for all hotel businesses. This was also considered a big investment not only for future business benefit but also knowledge gain for all the workers in the hotel business around the island. With this initiative, the workers will be more confident in performing their jobs and also can increase quality service for its customers in the island. (Fitzgerald, T, 2007).Infusing New Ideas In the side of design, there are both innovative and economical ideas that can be perform in the hotel business. This also could help minimize or if effectively implemented could eliminate disaster in the hotels. Like the infusion of better lighting systems and designs within the hotel. One of the most well respected organization in the United States that focuses on inventing and finding new innovative ideas when it comes to lighting is the American Lighting Association. These organizations are formed to assist home owners or hotel business owners on how they can design a lighting system that not only costly but also can provide an enticing design for guests. Sometimes it is really important for hotel owners not only to seek designs that are presented by internal hotel experts but also can come from experts that are purely specialized into a special(prenominal) subject, like in this case lightings. The American lighting Association has a gr oup of experts in lighting that are experienced with expertise in imagination. They are tag to developed not economical design but also beautiful to the eyes. This is very essential in the success of the hotel because it does not only help the business in minimizing the cost but more importantly can be an option for design improvements and rehabilitation process in the hotel which is the main subject of this study. (What does it mean when a store is a penis of the American Lighting Association, n.d.). ConclusionIn this study, it only shows that for hotel any hotel business, maintenance and rehabilitation is not just making sure that customer will be satisfied but also would help its owners and employees to know the right processes that needs to be perform in the hotel businesses. Processes like in terms of facilities and design, facilities that would make the business performs based on the effective guidelines that is advised and mandated by respected organizations like the US Depa rtment of Labors Occupational Safety and Health Administration. This can help boost the business not only will favor the employees but most especially their customers as well, since they can always make sure that the service being rendered are in accordance with the policies.In this study, it also showed that design is not just for beautification that needs to be done in the hotel, but it can also create economical ideas that can also comes from not just from the internal experts of the hotel but also from reliable organizations like American Lighting Association, which not only provides expertise for beautification through lighting but also gives convenience for owners as well since cost will be less. Trainings are also encourage to be perform of hotel businesses since there are some cases that learning the processes within is not enough, most especially as time goes on, new implementation needs to be followed in order to be sure that processes are still applicable.ReferencesFitzg erald, T. New Alliances will Promote Safety and Health Training for Hotel and Hospitality Workers in the US Virgin Islands Hotel Tourism Association Joins with the US Labor Departments OSHA. US Department of Labor Occupational Safety Health Administration. 20 February 2007, http//www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=NEWS_RELEASESp_id=13781, Retrieved 13 July 2008.Stipanuk, D. (2006). Hospitality Facilities Management and Design 3e. US Educational Institute of the American Hotel.What does it mean when a store is a member of the American Lighting Association. American Lighting Association. N.d, http//www.americanlightingassoc.com/home.php, Retrieved 13 July 2008.